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de Vaan, Michel (2008). Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic languages. Leiden: Boston: Brill. p.63. ISBN 978-90-04-16797-1.
we have no spectroscopic evidence that [such] elements have truly been produced," wrote author Stephan Rosswog. Rosswog, Stephan (29 August 2013). "Astrophysics: Radioactive glow as a smoking gun". Nature. 500 (7464): 535–536. Bibcode: 2013Natur.500..535R. doi: 10.1038/500535a. PMID 23985867. S2CID 4401544. Renner, Hermann; Schlamp, Günther; Hollmann, Dieter; Lüschow, Hans Martin; Tews, Peter; Rothaut, Josef; Dermann, Klaus; Knödler, Alfons; Hecht, Christian; Schlott, Martin; Drieselmann, Ralf; Peter, Catrin; Schiele, Rainer (2000). "Gold, Gold Alloys, and Gold Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi: 10.1002/14356007.a12_499. ISBN 3527306730. Aristotle in his ethics used gold symbolism when referring to what is now known as the golden mean. Similarly, gold is associated with perfect or divine principles, such as in the case of the golden ratio and the golden rule. Gold is further associated with the wisdom of aging and fruition. The fiftieth wedding anniversary is golden. A person's most valued or most successful latter years are sometimes considered "golden years". The height of a civilization is referred to as a golden age. [114] Religion The Agusan image, depicting a deity from northeast Mindanaoa b Emery, J. F.; Ledditcotte, G. W. (May 1961). "Nuclear Science Series (NAS-NS 3036) The Radio Chemistry of Gold" (PDF). Oak Ridge, TN: National Academy of Sciences — National Research Council — Subcommittee on Radio Chemistry. US Atomic Energy Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2004 . Retrieved 24 February 2021.
Israeli dig unearths large trove of early Islamic gold coins". Associated Press. 24 August 2020 . Retrieved 24 August 2020. Au, which is also its only naturally occurring isotope, so gold is both a mononuclidic and monoisotopic element. Thirty-six radioisotopes have been synthesized, ranging in atomic mass from 169 to 205. The most stable of these is 195 Recent research suggests that microbes can sometimes play an important role in forming gold deposits, transporting and precipitating gold to form grains and nuggets that collect in alluvial deposits. [71]Gold(II) compounds are usually diamagnetic with Au–Au bonds such as [ Au(CH 2) 2P(C 6H 5) 2] 2Cl 2. The evaporation of a solution of Au(OH) 3 in concentrated H 2SO 4 produces red crystals of gold(II) sulfate, Au 2(SO 4) 2. Originally thought to be a mixed-valence compound, it has been shown to contain Au 4+ 2 cations, analogous to the better-known mercury(I) ion, Hg 2+ 2. [47] [48] A gold(II) complex, the tetraxenonogold(II) cation, which contains xenon as a ligand, occurs in [AuXe 4](Sb 2F 11) 2. [49] In September 2023, a novel type of metal-halide perovskite material consisting of Au 3+ and Au 2+ cations in its crystal structure has been found. [50] It has been shown to unexpectedly stable at normal conditions. The European exploration of the Americas was fueled in no small part by reports of the gold ornaments displayed in great profusion by Native American peoples, especially in Mesoamerica, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia. The Aztecs regarded gold as the product of the gods, calling it literally "god excrement" ( teocuitlatl in Nahuatl), and after Moctezuma II was killed, most of this gold was shipped to Spain. [94] However, for the indigenous peoples of North America gold was considered useless and they saw much greater value in other minerals which were directly related to their utility, such as obsidian, flint, and slate. [95] El Dorado is applied to a legendary story in which precious stones were found in fabulous abundance along with gold coins. The concept of El Dorado underwent several transformations, and eventually accounts of the previous myth were also combined with those of a legendary lost city. El Dorado, was the term used by the Spanish Empire to describe a mythical tribal chief (zipa) of the Muisca native people in Colombia, who, as an initiation rite, covered himself with gold dust and submerged in Lake Guatavita. The legends surrounding El Dorado changed over time, as it went from being a man, to a city, to a kingdom, and then finally to an empire.
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